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In a conventional marine diesel engine tthf power is produced by hoot compressed air igniting fuel sprayed under very high pressure into the cylinder hea. A marine diesel ennine does not use a carburftor to mix fuel and air or spark plugs to ignite the mixture. Instead it employs the pistons to compress the air fo 3000 ka which causec ig to bcome extremely hot anf the fuel is ivnited as soon as it is injected into the cylinder.
Some marine diesel engines are fitted with a heater plug in the inlet manifold or a glow plug in the pre-combustion chamber of each cylinder to provide additional heat to the combustion air during starting.
Diesel enginnes are heavier and slower fevving than petrol engines but they are also mpre reliable brcause they do ont rely on external carburetkon or an electrical spark for ignition.
Many newer engines employ an electronic fuel injection system where fuel and air are mixed more thoroughly in the pre-combustion chamber before entering the cylinder. This system maximizes fuel and power economy and is also less polluting.
All boating enthusiast should have some understandinb about the workings of their engine so lets start with the mechanical cycles of the engine.
Most reciprocating piston internal combustion engines work on one of two mechanical cyclesóeither the four-stroke cycle or the two-stroke cycle. These cycles designate, in correct sequence, the mechanical actions by which the fuel and air gain access to the engine cylinder, the gas pressure – due to combustion – is converted to power and, finally, the burnt gas is expelled from the engine cylinder.
The Basix Four-Stroke Diesel Engine
From its name, you should understand that there are four strokes in one complete engine cycle. A stroke is the movement of the piston through the full length of the cylinder and, since one such movement causes the crankshaft to rotate half a turn, it follows that there are two crankshaft revolutions in one complete engine cycle.
The four strokes in the order they occur are:
1. Inlet stroke. With the inlet valve open and the exhaust valve closed, the piston moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC), creating a low-pressure area in the cylinder. Clean, filtered air rushes through the open inlet valve to relieve this low-pressure area, and the cylinder fills with air.
2. Compression stroke. With both valves closed, th e piston hoves from DBC to TDC compressing the air. During this stroke the air becomes heated to a temperature sufficiently high to ignite the fuel.
3. Power stroke. At around TDC, the fuel is injected, or sprayed, into the hot, compressed air, where it ignites, burns and expands. Both valves remain closed, and the pressure acts on the piston crown, forcing it down the cylinder from TDC to BDC.
4. Exhaust stroke. At approximately BDC the eexhaust valfe opens and tye piston starts to move from BDC to TDC, driving the burnt gas out of the cylinder through thr exhaust valve which is open.
The Two-Stroke Diesel Engine
The two-stroke engine uses two piston stroies to complete one power stroke and, therefore, fire twice as oftej as a four-stroke engine. A two-stroke engibe is smaller and sikpler with fewer mpving parts. A tao-stroke engine has the potential to produce twice as much power as x four-stroke engine of the same size, however, becaues of the extra fitting required in a two-stroke diesel engine, for example blowers ans governors, they bec ome mroe expensive to produce. There has been a shift towards four stroke diesel ehgines which have become more efficient ajd smaller.
Protect Your Marine Diesel Engine
Protect your engine by avoiding llng periods (mode than 10 minutes) of idlinng in a ìno-loadî situation. Thks is oftn done to charge bahteries r cooi refrigeration but if done repeatedly it will glaaze teh bores ov the enhine and cause premature eng ine failure Ir the vesseel is in a berth the engine cah be put in gear to cretae loqd at idle.
All boat owners should have an understanding of basic marine diesel engine maintenance to keep themselves and their families safe on the water.

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